Competition English Notes
English Introduction
Modal Verbs in English Grammar
1. Can
Used to express ability, possibility, or permission.
I can swim. (Ability)
It can rain tomorrow. (Possibility)
You can leave now. (Permission)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., can go, can eat).
- Negative form is "cannot" or "can't".
Incorrect: I can to swim. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: I can swim.
2. Could
Used to express past ability, polite requests, or possibility.
She could dance when she was young. (Past ability)
Could you pass the salt? (Polite request)
It could rain later. (Possibility)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., could go, could eat).
- Negative form is "could not" or "couldn't".
Incorrect: She coulded dance. (Incorrect past form)
Correct: She could dance.
3. May
Used to express possibility or permission.
It may rain today. (Possibility)
You may leave now. (Permission)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., may go, may eat).
- Negative form is "may not".
Incorrect: He may to leave. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: He may leave.
4. Might
Used to express a small possibility.
He might come to the party. (Possibility)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., might go, might eat).
- Negative form is "might not" or "mightn't".
Incorrect: She might to come. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: She might come.
5. Must
Used to express necessity or strong recommendation.
You must wear a seatbelt. (Necessity)
He must be the new teacher. (Strong recommendation)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., must go, must eat).
- Negative form is "must not" or "mustn't".
Incorrect: They musted go. (Incorrect past form)
Correct: They must go.
6. Shall
Used to offer or suggest something, or to express a future action (more common in British English).
Shall we dance? (Suggestion)
I shall return. (Future action)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., shall go, shall eat).
- Negative form is "shall not" or "shan't".
Incorrect: You shall to go. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: You shall go.
7. Should
Used to give advice, recommendations, or express obligation.
You should see a doctor. (Advice)
We should finish the project by tomorrow. (Obligation)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., should go, should eat).
- Negative form is "should not" or "shouldn't".
Incorrect: They should to leave. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: They should leave.
9. Would
Used to express a polite request, offer, or hypothetical situation.
Would you like some tea? (Polite request)
I would travel if I had the money. (Hypothetical situation)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., would go, would eat).
- Negative form is "would not" or "wouldn't".
Incorrect: She would to travel. (Extra "to" is incorrect)
Correct: She would travel.
10. Ought to
Used to express advice or moral obligation.
You ought to apologize. (Advice)
We ought to help the needy. (Moral obligation)
- Always followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., ought to go, ought to eat).
- Negative form is "ought not to".
Incorrect: They ought go. (Missing "to")
Correct: They ought to go.
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